Cracking oil.



"A. A. WELLS.

' CRACKING OIL.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 17. 1915.

Patented June 20, 1916.

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the outer portions of Specification tters Patent.

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Patented dune an, late.

Application filed November 17, with; Serial Ito. 611,901.

To an whom it may concern:

Be it own that l, Anrnno citizen of the United States, and a resident of Montclair, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cracking tlihof which the following is a specification. This invention relates to a method of making gasolene from heavier oils and relates in particular to the decomposition of oil in a bath of molten metal such as molten lead, whereby light'products are formed.

It has heen proposed to mix molten lead and oil as a spray which is p over refractory material but such operation requires the use of a large amount of power and has other disadvantages. in the present method the oil or oil vapors are passed through a bath of molten metal which is preferably maintained in agitation by mechanical stirrer-s, such stirrers being preferably arran so'as to vigorously agitate the oil or vapors pa on entry into the lead bath in order to prevent the formation of large particles of coke or coarse masses of tar and the like which cause difiiculties in the operation of the apparatus. Preferahly the lead or the metal hath is also agita at a point more remote from the seat of entry of the oil or oil vapors.

In order to maintain the metal hath external heat may he applied hut has the disadvantage of rendering the hath too high in temperature so that superheating occurs with the formation of coke and the like on the surf of the iron or other conter which prevents the proper traon of heat and also l to carbonization with wg of the metal walls of the container lily e 1 t pr, the heating is prefhly applied internally hy m of a, bgp, gimp 1\ 1| w the lead hath, 0f it character such that hould the walls of the heating up sults woul not occur. form the hg comhon e d a u i l 1 i w of oil vapors or a ting from the crag operation or other'suitahle fuel is ed with air and forced into a mass-of nefracto ][n the prefe nular -al contained in a tubular heating device situa in the me hath. Preferably the waste g from the cinchoption t i so that the whole apthe temperature of 7 having heat insulating illttll give way dangerous IND-- appliance is of the surface paratus operates as a unit and the residual A. Wants, a p

gases which otherwise would be used more or less uneficctively or allowed to go to waste are employed usefully in the present process. a

l is" ost any type of petroleum oil ma he treated in this y apparatus in accordance with the present process but preferably lE use the cracking point before it enters the metal hath. The temperature of the hath may he ahout 9l000 F. but the tempera varies with the oil which is being treated. In the decomposition which takes place in the latter, carhon is formed which floats to the surface and is either blown out of the apparatus or removed from the top of the bath. The particles carried over in the vapors are largely caught in a dust collector in which the suliid of lead is also collected when sulfur is present in the oil. The use ofoils containing high percentages of sulfur is feasible with this apparatus as the sul is taken out quite ed'ec'tively and the sd .of lead may he collected and treated to recover the metah sulfur containing Mem'can or Galifornia oils may thus he used to advantage. 1

lln the drags Figure 1 shows in vertical section d elevation an organization capahle of carg out the process herein de scribed, while Fig. 2 shows in elevation a mo form thereof.

e reference-characters denom like parts throughout the drags.

the drawings 1 is a closed receiver jacket 2. it is partly filled with a bath of molten metal such as lead shown at 3. The receptacle is equipped with a stirrer 4 having a small g propeller 5 d a lar stirring propeller 6.

t is a driving pulley. in the bath of molten lead is the heating element 8 which has a tube carrying fraents of brick or other refractory material.

9 is the fuel pipe fong a part of the hting element which has a a supply pipe 10 and air supply pi ll equipped ectively with pumps 12 and 13. The pipe 9 p and or to one side of the lower no tank 18.

propeller. and does not interfere with the movement of the latter.

14: is a t ble of refractory material having an opening for the air and gas mixture 'which is proportioned with respect 'to the rate of flow of the. explosive mixture employed, so as to bring about combustion in the refractory material contained in the tube 8 without danger of back firing.

15 is an outlet for the exhaust gases which may be by-passed by pipe 16 through the heating coil 17 contained in the preheating The feed pipe 19is equipped with pump 20 which is arranged to iorce'oil through the orifice 21, into the bath of molten lead.

\ molten metal,

H 31 is a pipe 22 is an outlet pipe for the gas and vapors.

23 is a dust-chamber and carbon collector.

24' is a pipe connecting 23 with the condenser 25. The condenser has an outlet pipe at the bottom equipped with trap 26 from which the condensed material is carried to the receiver 27 J 28 is an exhaust pipe for the gases and 29 a pump to force these through a scrubbing tower 30.

leading to the pump 12 conveying the residue gases to the furnace.

.31? is a supply pipe for additional fuel gas it required.

In Fig.

2, 1 is the receptacle containing 4 is a stirrer which is hollow and which has outlets 35 and 36. Thus the oil isbrought into the body of metal but out of contact with it until. at or near the lower part cit such metal body when the oil or vapors thereof as the case may be are released or liberated in contact with the metal material and are agitated during contact with the metal. This stirrer is rotated pump to force oil.

by gear work 33. 3a is a into the hollow stirrer. furnace. a

What I claim is:

1. The process of cracln'ngoils which consists in passing the. oil vapors into a bath 32 is an ordinary of molten lead at about 9001000 F. maintained in a state of agitation by mechanical agitating means and in violently agitating the vapors substantially at the moment of contact with the molten bath.

2. The process of cracking oils which consists in passing the oil vapors into a bath of molten lead maintained in a state of agitation by mechanical agitating means and in violently agitating the vapors on contact with the molten bath.

3. The process of cracking oil which consists in passing oil vapors containing sulfur into a bath of. metal heated to a decomposing temperature, in collecting the gases arising from the cracking operation, in returning these to the metal bath and burning same within the bath; whereby the heat required for the craclnng operation is in part at least supplied by the vapors of the oil undergoing the cracking treatment.

4. The process of cracking a petroleum oil which consists in passing said oil into a bath of molten lead heated to about 900- 1000 F., and maintained in astate of agitation by mechanical agitating means and m violently agitating the vapors at the moment of contact with the molten bath.

5. The process of making gasolene by cracking a heavier oil which consists in passing petroleum oil into a bath of molten metal heated to at ature and maintained in a state of agitation by mechanical agitating means and in violently agitating with the vapors at the moment of contact with the molten bath.

6. The process of cracking a heavier oil into a lighter oil which consists in passing such heavier oil into a bath of molten lead heated to at least a cracking temperature and maintained in a state of agitation by mechanical agitating means and in violently agitating the vapors of said oil during the period of contact with the molten bath.

ALFRED A. WELLS.

least a cracking temper- 

